Claire's Skethbook

1. 应急预案 contingency plan

a. A contingency plan is a plan devised for a specific situation when things could go wrong. Contingency plans are often devised by governments or businesses who want to be prepared for anything that could happen. They are sometimes known as "Back-up plans", "Worst-case scenario plans" or "Plan B".

b.  Business continuity management and contingency planning are of course essential and unavoidable tasks. However, the creation of a sound continuity and contingency plan is a complex undertaking, involving a number of stages and discrete activities.

For example, initially it is necessary to understand the underlying risks and the potential impacts of disaster.... these are the building blocks upon which a sensible business continuity plan or disaster recovery plan should be built. Then the plan itself must be created... which of course is far from trivial. Then there are the maintenance and testing phases, to ensure that the plan remains current. Even having arranged all these matters there is audit to consider - and of course, there is the not so small matter of ISO17799!

2. 演练、模拟 simulation

a. Simulation of Emergency Handling of Metro Accidents 地铁事故应急处理模拟演练

Simulation is the imitation of some real thing, state of affairs, or process. The act of simulating something generally entails representing certain key characteristics or behaviours of a selected physical or abstract system.

Simulation is used in many contexts, including the modeling of natural systems or human systems in order to gain insight into their functioning.[1] Other contexts include simulation of technology for performance optimization, safety engineering, testing, training and education. Simulation can be used to show the eventual real effects of alternative conditions and courses of action.

Key issues in simulation include acquisition of valid source information about the referent, selection of key characteristics and behaviours, the use of simplifying approximations and assumptions within the simulation, and fidelity and validity of the simulation outcomes.

今天在用动易的pdf说明，复制里面的文字，无法复制崩溃，里面的很多文字都要用到，怎么办，破解加密的文件吧。

找了半天 试了好几个软件都无法破解，到了下午无意在网上发现一个破解 pdf 格式的 软件，并且是注册版本的。

软件很小，总大小只有500K ，并且破解作者把软件做成了绿色版本，很好用一下子将所有的pdf 都破解了。

虽然，这种行为是很不太好，但没有办法阿！

http://www.20099.cn/article/xiazai/106.htm

The 15 most inspiring teachers in films

The triumph of curves

There's no ignoring it — women everywhere are finally saying goodbye to the skinny-thinny and celebrating the fuller figure

女孩子再也不用追求瘦到皮包骨头，而要为自己的丰满身材欢呼雀跃了。

Shane Watson

It’s taken roughly 15 years, but at long last, after a couple of false alarms, we are officially over skinny. And here is how you can tell: women have started to envy other women, not for their jutting hip bones and the amount of daylight visible between their thighs, but for their soft and shapely bodies. We’re not talking about recognising that hips, thighs and breasts are a normal part of the female package. (We’ve always known that, and it hasn’t stopped us from wanting to look like malnourished girls.) We’re talking about, once again, finding the shapely form desirable.

女孩子们开始羡慕另外一些人，不是因为那些人突出的臀部骨头，也不是她们两腿缝隙能透出多少光线，而是她们柔软匀称的身材。当然这并不是她们认可臀部，大腿和胸部是女性特征的一部分（众所周知，这种认可并没有阻止女孩子们不断追求营养不良的状态）。这里要说的是重新寻找匀称美好的身材。

We look at pictures of Daisy Lowe in her leotard and opaque tights and think — yes, that’s what youth should look like: blooming and rounded and bee-stung. We look at Joan in Mad Men, in those curve-packing dresses, and feel the strange sensation that, for the first time in more than a decade, we are seeing the womanly form as God intended it. Up to this point, there have been odd breakthrough moments when we’ve been reminded of the power of shape (Scarlett Johansson’s arrival on the scene, for example), but the novelty always wore off pretty quickly when we were faced with the prospect of fitting into this season’s fashion. For as long as anyone can remember, thin has been the aspirational body type — the one that went hand in hand with success and glamour and money and, above all, looking good in clothes.

Daisy Lowe 穿着紧身裤和紧身衣的照片总能让人们感叹：年轻就应该是这个样子的，鲜活，圆润，丰满。但人们看到《广告狂人》中的琼穿着曲线优美的裙子，也会有特别的感受，并意识到十多年来，终于第一次看到了上帝赋予的充满女人味的身材。如今，突破的时候终于到来。我们终于认识到形体之美。但是新奇事物总是转瞬即逝，尤其是当我们还要想着怎样穿进去本季流行服饰的时候。每个人知道，瘦一直都是人们渴望的样子，因为瘦就意味着成功，魅力和金钱，更重要的是，穿衣服会好看。

Women don’t necessarily want to look as thin as Agyness Deyn (no offence, Agyness), and the fashion industry is waking up to the idea of a proper womanly shape. Look at the fabulous curve-enhancing clothes of Roland Mouret: the global success of the ubiquitous Galaxy dress was partly down to its ability to flatter a fuller figure. Even Anna Wintour, the editor of American Vogue and notorious scourge of fat, seems to be coming round to the idea of curves. Recently, she featured the shapely British singer Adele in the magazine. Okay, she was photographed lying down, but at least Wintour didn’t ask her to lose weight for the shoot, as she famously did with Oprah Winfrey. The emaciated look has simply run its course for a whole host of reasons, and now we are ready for something completely different.

In the first place, thin has got boring. Not just boring, but grindingly predictable. Along with long blonde hair, skinny-as- nothing has become the default position of anyone who wants to get noticed (or photographed), with the result that anyone good-looking who breaks the mould now appears twice as striking and original. Beth Ditto is naked on the cover of Love not because her size makes the image shockingly avant-garde (that was last year). She’s there because she represents the end of fashion’s blind allegiance to the Identikit clothes model, and the beginning of a new love affair with the parts that make women different from indie boys(Indie Boys tend to be skinny, shy, with messy hair and a fringe. The hair must not be confused with emo hair, which is styled using disturbing quantaties of gel, wax, mousse and hairspray. Indie boys just can't be arsed to brush. Skinny jeans are more typical of the scene kid, Indie boys prefer fairly loose fitting denim. A plain t-shirt or shirt are very popular, along with ancient battered converse, in black or blue.). 首先，人们厌倦了瘦骨嶙峋的身材。瘦不仅仅让人厌倦，也变得毫无新意。金色长发，瘦骨嶙峋已经成为任何一个想引人注意（或街拍）人的固定模式。所以，一旦出现一个美丽的，打破这种模式的人，就显得格外惊人而又新颖独特。Love杂志封面刊登了Beth Ditto的裸体照片并不是因为她的身材产生了惊人的前卫效果，而是因为她代表了对于千篇一律衣服模式的盲目崇拜时代的终结，以及对于能将女人和（热爱独立摇滚音乐的）Indie男生区别开来的新形象的接受。

The timing of this shift towards a new aesthetic is no accident. Whippet-thin is the standard body type of the high-maintenance woman with a husband in corporate finance, and those sharp shoulders jutting through cashmere have started to look decidedly last year. A reality check is happening across the board (in fashion, Karl Lagerfeld has christened it “the new modesty”). Now a real figure looks a lot more appealing and sexier than a starved one in the same way that driving a Hummer seems hilariously out of touch with the mood of the times. In Hollywood, it’s already noticeable: the likes of Jennifer Aniston have got a bit more flesh on their bones, and the disciples of Rachel Zoe (the Zoebots) are no longer setting the agenda. Still, it would be naive to pretend we can just erase all these years of brainwashing overnight.

Shape is making a comeback, but our perspective has adjusted and now the curvier figure has to obey certain rules. You need a small waist and a flat stomach to contrast with those fuller hips. A pair of nice arms, good ankles and a well-defined clavicle make all the difference. Above all, shape has to be dressed right for it to work, and that means finding the fashions that need filling out: the silhouette-hugging dresses, not the billowing harem pants.

曲线美重新流行，但是人们对于曲线的观念已经改变，曲线身材也要满足一定的条件。腰部纤细，腹部平坦，这样才能衬托出圆润的臀部。纤细修长的手臂，细致的脚踝以及明显的锁骨至关重要。最重要的是，要用适当的穿着来衬托身材，这就意味着选择适合自己的时尚装扮，要选择能衬托出美丽轮廓的长裙，而不是肥大的哈伦裤。

Every time Christina Hendricks (Joan in Mad Men) is interviewed and photographed in contemporary clothes, you are reminded that casual, undone and edgy do no favours for the hourglass figure. In that early 1960s look, with asset-packing sheath and immaculate up-do, any woman would die to look like her. But in a thigh-skimming asymmetric number with a frill down the front or, God forbid, jeans and T-shirt, she looks like the big girl who doesn’t quite have what it takes. In the end, shape has been out of favour for too long because so many of the clothes in the forefront of fashion simply don’t work for women with curves. Now change is coming.

 原文来自http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/fashion/article6052789.ece

译文：栗子

The not-so-big four

Apr 8th 2009 | LOS ANGELES
From The Economist print edition

Broadcast television is declining at an accelerating rate

“IT’S amazing how little has changed around here,” says a character in the final episode of “E.R.”, which aired in America on April 2nd. Indeed, it seemed like old times for the hospital drama: 16m people tuned in, not many fewer than it drew a decade ago. But the impression of good times is no more real than a stage set. For programmes like “E.R.”, and for broadcast television itself, much is changing.

The recession has been cruel to a business that depends almost entirely on advertising. Local television stations, many of them owned by or affiliated with national broadcasters, have seen advertising revenue fall by as much as 40% as car dealers and other retailers cut back. Later this month the national networks will test the market for advance advertising. It should prove better than the local market, but still difficult. And this painful cyclical problem coincides with a bigger, structural one: the audience for the “big four” broadcast networks is eroding.  

Chris Silbermann, president of International Creative Management, a talent agency, says the big change is that mediocre television now struggles to attract a healthy audience. The ratings seem to back him up. Between the first 12 weeks of 2005 and the first 12 weeks of this year, the audience for the top-rated broadcast show (often “American Idol”) fell by 9%. But the number watching the tenth most popular show was down by 17%, and the audience for the 20th in the list was 18% smaller.

So far, the big broadcast networks have been able to persuade advertisers to spend more for each eyeball they reach. Although they can no longer round up huge audiences, they are still the best way of reaching very large ones. And advertisers tend to see broadcast television, with its consistently wholesome quality, as a safe place to promote their products. Cable is still viewed as a rather wild frontier populated by wrestlers and televangelists.

Yet this, too, is changing. Last year’s Emmy awards were dominated by cable shows. “Mad Men”, which is set in an advertising agency, was voted best drama. It was the first time the award had gone to a show on basic cable (it is shown on the AMC channel) as opposed to a premium network, such as HBO. Such acclaim changes attitudes to cable generally. Bruce Rosenblum, the head of the television group at Warner Bros, reckons the growing profile of original cable shows may gradually erode the huge premium that advertisers will pay for broadcast.

Cutbacks are already under way. The networks have commissioned fewer pilot shows than usual this year, many of them relatively cheap half-hour comedies. With its broadcast network faring poorly, NBC plans to run Jay Leno, a talk-show host, five nights a week at 10pm—the slot where dramas such as “E.R.” once reigned. Some broadcast networks look enviously at cable channels, with their steady streams of income from distributors, and ponder getting out of broadcast altogether.

Such a radical change would involve difficult negotiations with local stations. In the meantime, the broadcast networks should be able to drive harder bargains with both local stations and cable companies. Television producers will find new markets abroad. But the good times appear to be over. Sometimes an industry can withstand pressure for many years, and then collapse abruptly. Just ask a newspaper proprietor.

http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13446620  

The End Of ‘Wife Wear’ 

     PARIS — The establishment rules of what to wear were bent — and then broken — when female politicians stepped out in pants or when a rebellious Princess Diana refused to flatten her hairdo with a hat. So why did Michelle Obama’s colorful and individual wardrobe for her European visit create such amazement and excitement?

    It is because the clothes she chose put an end to that most obnoxious of fashion non-statements: wife wear.

    “Wives wear pink” was once a mantra for all those dutiful spouses standing by their men, whether as an appendix to a new role for the husband or as a unwilling partner to a confession of marital infidelity.

    Political wives in particular have had their parameters drawn around a smart suit and a tailored coat, a hat as an optional extra and nylons de rigeur (meaning rigorously applied).

    Although Nancy Reagan famously wore red and Barbara Bush chose royal blue, the spirit has been the same since Jacqueline Kennedy set the gold standard of tailored coat and pillbox hat in 1961. That first lady may have looked her most glamorous in a silk headscarf, a pair of Capri pants, bare legs and ballerinas — but in public she was obliged to look “appropriate.”

    The ideological gulf between Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin in last year’s presidential election was reflected in their clothes: the trouser suit for the feminist Democrat; the suit, but mismatched for modernity, for the Republican vice-presidential hopeful.

    At that point, no one looked much at Michelle Obama’s choice of clothes or read into it any message. Right up to that crowning moment of delirious joy on election night, when Mrs. Obama took to the stage with her family in a bright dress, half-covered with a cardigan, there were no expectations of her as a fashion icon.

    But with that woman-friendly “cardy,” turning her broad back on the mannish jacket, the future first lady was re-defining what was appropriate for the White House, for Buckingham Palace and for the daunting task of being photographed beside the former model and French presidential wife Carla Bruni-Sarkozy.

    Whereas Mrs. Obama implied that the knit she pulled on over a scarlet and black Narciso Rodriguez dress in Chicago was merely to dispel the chill, her London appearances suggest otherwise. From a black cardigan with the British prime minister at 10 Downing Street to a sparkly knit from the sportswear brand J. Crew with his wife, the message was clear: not just that a White House wardrobe need not be expensive, but that it does not have to be formal. Only a string of pearls links Mrs. Obama with any kind of historic dressing up.

    The cardigan — whether it was in black from the niche designer Azzedine Alaïa or in a bold plaid pattern from the Japanese Junya Watanabe — is a signal that powerful women no longer need to prove their strength by dressing shoulder to padded shoulder with men. The only jacket that the first lady wore in Europe was taut, short and again from Alaïa.

    For Mrs. Obama has broken with another cherished rule: that her wardrobe has to wave the national flag. Unlike Jacqueline Kennedy, who asked her sister Lee Radziwill to smuggle Givenchy gowns to New York and who had her milliner copy European styles, the New First Lady has embraced diversity. Her wardrobe has focused on Asian designers — often first-generation Americans — rather than the well-known names.

    Thakoon Panichgul’s scarlet and black dress hit the headlines at the Democratic convention and the Thailand-born designer scored again in Strasbourg with the colorful coat and bow-necked dress that stood up defiantly against Mrs. Bruni-Sarkozy’s prim Dior outfit.

    Jason Wu, 26, born in Taiwan, was catapulted to fame when his one-shoulder white gown, embellished with organza flowers, was worn by the first lady at the inaugural balls.

    Where in the mix are Ralph Lauren or Calvin Klein — those pillars of American fashion, or Donna Karan, its female flag-waver? Only Michael Kors scored for the official first lady photograph, which caused controversy over Mrs. Obama’s bared arms (although Jacqueline Kennedy wore a similar dress).

    Unlike Mrs. Sarkozy, whose natural style is streamlined and sporty but whose public wardrobe is built on France’s iconic fashion names, Mrs. Obama has eschewed the famous worldwide brands. Mr. Alaïa, who created the black dress with frothy frills that Mrs. Obama wore on Friday in Baden-Baden, is the ultimate insider’s designer. Etro and Moschino, the Italian labels that provided tops to go with pants, are also outside fashion’s “magic circle” of Armani, Gucci, Prada and Versace.

    It is no secret where Mrs. Obama finds her wardrobe: via the Chicago boutique Ikram. But although she exudes pride both in being the wife of the first African-American president and as a mother of two girls, the only fashion message she seems eager to convey is that she is her own woman.

    Hats off (especially pill boxes and “My Fair Lady” millinery) to women who fought for equality by grabbing pantsuits from their male equals. But the first lady is making her own contribution to fashion history by dressing as a woman of strong character — rather than as a presidential wife.

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/07/fashion/07iht-ffirst.html?hpw

1.It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的）

It is obvious that + 句子 （明显的）

It is apparent that + 句子 （显然的）

例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

延伸句： It's apparent that Washington has no clear plan for Iraq

It is apparent that as an organization they made mistakes and that their control systems were inadequate,"

2. It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。）

例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。

延伸句: it pays to avoid a speeding ticket -- or fight one. The best advice: don't speed.

Does it pay to complain about bad products or services?

3、be based on （以...为基础）

例句：The progress of the society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

延伸句： Economic progress based on excessive exploitation of natural resources will be unsustainable.

Sex and the City was a very popular TV show that ran from 1999 to 2004. It was a romantic comedy drama based on the semi-autobiographical New York newspaper columns written by Candace Bushnell

4、Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）

例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

延伸句：Saudi Arabia will spare no efforts in supporting Beijing's hosting of the forthcoming Olympic Games and wishes the event great success.

The Government will "spare no effort" to ensure the concerns of the Irish people.

5、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/V+ing, ~~~ （因为...）

例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。

延伸句：Most of the petrol pumps have stopped their services of selling petrol and diesel here in the city owing to the increase in the prices of petrol.

6、Have a great influence on ~~~ （对...有很大的影响）

例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

延伸句：The mass media including TV radio newspapers have a great influence on people and especially on the younger generation

7、do good to （对...有益），do harm to （对...有害）

例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。

Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。

延伸句：The man who had designed the world’s most bestselling computer game insists that video games do no harm to children.

8、Pose a great threat to ~~ （对...造成一大威胁）

例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

延伸句：China’s increasing tourism and construction sectors pose a growing threat to the Great Wall, disfiguring its ancient facade and wrecking its landscapes.

High unemployment rates, especially among young workers, may pose a threat to stability worldwide"

把自己从一个疯狂下载者变成一个疯狂学习者(转)

简单的设置，方便的软件，FTP给资料的传播和个人资料的交流开了一道大门。从今年年初各大论坛交流的更多是学习心得，到一夜之间，下载成了论坛人气的聚集力量，各大论坛的站长也纷纷拉FTP，开下载，斑竹也不再是要有英语水平能给大家解答疑问了，只要能提供大量资料，只要能够开FTP，就是座上客。谁家的资料多，谁家就门庭若市。而细细交流学习英语的栏目很少有人问津。有多少人真正提高了？偶尔有清醒者提出这个问题，也被我要，我要的下载声浪所淹没。

先从我自己说起，我没来到网络学英语前也是个英语学习的积极梦想者，因为我知道说一口流利的英语会带给自己多少好处，就这样一头扎进了网络。刚来到英语类网站时，简直是进入了天堂，看到很多人都可以用英文发帖子，帖子里很多精品资料，于是乎开始疯狂下载收集资料，把过去买盗版英语资料的习惯抛弃了，一张张的刻盘，当手里拿着上百张英语资料盘时那种满足感，好象自己已经掌握了英语，就这样搞下载半年多过去了。有一天猛一回头，发现自己除了沉颠颠的盘包，满满的硬盘，对英语我还是一无所有。可以不客气的说，包括自己在内大多数上网学习英语的人还都是幻想者，很多人都是英语很差，但都梦想着能攻克英语。于是一个怪圈出现了，这也频繁发生在现实生活中。开始寻找捷径，开始研究李阳好，还是新东方好，还是钟道隆好。每样都学几天，然后觉得不好，不好的理由就是见效慢，然后再寻找。于是下载就给了这样的人想象空间，今天看到站长斑竹发个帖子说这个软件好，也看到很多人说好，那就赶快下载下来，正下载中间，又看到另一个帖子，人气十足，那一会也要下载，不好的东西人气能高么？

将近十年的疯狂英语到新东方和无数小培训班到书店里琳琅满目的英语图书和资料，中国人为了学习英语拿出了一百多个亿，造就了不少英语神话，培养了几个教育大腕。而大多数人的英语水平并没有得到真正的提高，很多所谓过了四六级的人还不如国外的小孩子。说不能说，听不能听。这说明了个什么问题？学习英语是资料的堆积？是某个培训者的培训？有人会强调学校教育方法的原因，可传统的教育甚至没有教育的前提下，学好英语的也不少。我们可以问问网上身边英语学习真正好的人，他们看过几G或者是几十G的资料？我的听力老师他说，很多学听力的人毕业的时候和刚进来一个样，为什么呢，上课也认真听，听的也很心花怒放，可回去了不记忆，不背诵。这就是问题，老师的单词再多，知识点再多也只是他自己的，要转换到个人的大脑里，就要听完后下工夫去记忆，去背诵。上海有个小姑娘14岁托福考了600多分，她怎么培养的？就是朗读，背诵，复述故事和文章，再加上父母的语法指点。我的邻居一个北大的法律硕士，她托福647分，我问她怎么学的，她说也没突击，就考试前买点习题集做做，就去考试了，其它都是基础底子。她的底子是什么？那就是从初中开始学习英语的时候把老师教的都掌握，都装到自己大脑里，大学四年学的也不是英语专业，可她听和说都不差。就是把大学英语精读四册和听力四册学好，掌握好，这就很厉害了，考研的时候也没有象我在各大论坛看到的那些人一样，到处抓新东方的英语培训资料，跟救命稻草一样。

再看看那些张口就是要新概念美音版一到四册下载的人，又有几个把新概念从头学到尾了？还口口声声要什么美音版，好象学了英音就不是英语了。一都没有学就想着四，有人会说要四是留着以后学，可我相信，如果现在连一都不去学，还会以后学什么四呢？而且有些人下载着的时候，恐怕家里的书架上还摆着新概念一的书本和磁带吧。就跟钟道隆老先生说的一样，很多人今天买这个教材，连录音带的塑料都还没全拆开，就又去买那个资料了。还有到处抢着新东方网络课程的人，谁有就好象是大爷一样，那个得意洋洋。没有的就要好声言语，想方设法去搞到手。可现在有这些资料的人，有几个敢说他认真的一课一课去学了，而且一直坚持到现在？大多数人恐怕是冲着那个东西贵才去下吧，好象免费下了以后就拣了天大的便宜一样。更多的还有一种人云亦云心理，觉得大家都说好，都抢着要，那自己要下，不下是不是就少点什么。我不否认一部分人是确实需要这些资料才下载的，但我敢肯定大多数人都是跟风下，下了也不看。还有那些张口就要什么环境英语，走遍美国第七八张光盘资料的人，好象他们已经学到那第七八张光盘了一样，说实话，走遍美国要是真学到那里还掌握了，也就没必要去要后面的光盘了，那水平就提高一下单词量就可以了。

这世界上没有免费的午餐，这句话是一点都不错，当我们为下载了几G和几十G的免费英语资料而沾沾自喜的时候，当我们不停的去寻找更多的资料的时候，我们已经失去了最宝贵的东西，那就是时间，那就是生命，人生能有几回搏？我们浪费掉一个小时，我们的生命中就失去一个。本来我们一生中就做很多无意义的事浪费时间了，那么学习上就不要再浪费了，多去下点苦工夫认真背点东西也比在下载中自我陶醉有意义的多。语言的学习没有新旧资料之分，只要不是中古语言，对于我们来说看好哪一个教材和课本就坚持学下去，都会通往攻克英语的山峰的。只有去下工夫一个一个字，一个一个句子的去掌握，才会有收获，英语学习是没有捷径的。在这里也希望网上这些搞下载的网站能够清醒认识到这一点，不要耽误自己和别人，有利可图那就另当别论，但那些为大家无私奉献的网站的斑竹们，感谢他们的付出，但希望头脑都能清醒一些，把浮躁的心压下来，大家在一起多交流一下心得，多多做一些既提高自己又帮助别人的工作，一起学习，而不是把大堆的资料拿出来搬回去。

掌握科学的学习方法，风雨无阻，有勇气和毅力，相信自己"我行我一定能做到",把自己真正的“从一个疯狂下载者变成一个学习者”，那么你也一定会再雄心勃勃。

钻透一种.就是成功.

http://www.rrenglish.com/learning/experience/325.shtml 

1、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that  + 句子 （...的原因是...）

例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

延伸句：One of the main reasons why the acai berry is considered better than the best is because it has a few ingredients which are not present in other food items.

2、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此...以致于...）

例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们浪费不起。                           

延伸句1：World supply of oil is so precious that more price rises  are inevitable

延伸句2："Truth is so precious that she must often be attended by a Bodyguard of Lies," was said by Churchill to To Stalin at Teheran.

3、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈...愈...）

例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。

The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

4、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ （借着...，..能够..）

例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

延伸句：By taking care of your car’s tires you can increase your tires’ longevity, handling, and performance。

5、~~~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （..使..能够..）

例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

延伸句：Drew Bignall's baseball talents have enabled him to travel the globe. His next stop will be Holland, where he will play for Great Britain at the European Championships

6、It is time + S + 过去式 （该是...的时候了）

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

延伸句：It’ s High Time Children Were Strongly Protected Against the Flu s Massive Attack

7、Those who ~~~ （...的人...）

例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

延伸句：Those who are quick to promise are generally slow to perform

8、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不...）

例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

延伸句1：Workers are compelled to stay in shape to avoid pay cuts

延伸句2：Why are you so compelled to educate people about global warming?

Global warming is the most serious environmental problem, and maybe the most

serious problem of them all, that the world faces in this century. I want to

make sure the world that gets passed onto my children and grandchildren is one

that I would want to live in. The only way that I think I can ensure that is by

getting into the fight, making sure that each of us does what we can do to stop

the problem, making sure that our politicians take the measures to assure that

we are going to slow global warming, stabilize the atmosphere and again pass on

a world to our children and grandchildren that we would want to live in.

9、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的）

It is obvious that + 句子 （明显的）

It is apparent that + 句子 （显然的）

例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

延伸句：It is conceivable that retail broadcast transmission services could be subject to regulation under the new framework, provided that all of the detailed requirements of the framework are met.

10、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。

例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

延伸句：Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

I. 用于强调的句型，加强语气，可用于起首或结尾段落。 

1、 Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V  or  Nothing is + more  + 形容词 + than to + V 

例句：Nothing is more important than to protect our planet.

        没有比保护我们的星球更重要的事了。 

2、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much. or ~~~ cannot emphasize enough the importance of ~~~.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）

例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of environment protection too much.

         强调环保的重要性是非常必要的。

         When starting a new business, we can’t emphasize enough the importance of defining

         your market and focusing your efforts.  

3、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）

例句：There is no denying that music is a powerful force in the life of a teen. In many

         instances, musical artists and their songs become the voice of a generation. Think

         about the songs that were popular when you were a teen. These songs reflected the

         spirit, tone, and attitude of your generation.    

4、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）

 例句：It is universally acknowledged that China is the original tea-growing area, as well as the first  country to  grow, produce and drink tea.   
       

          It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune

          must be in want of a wife. （from Pride & Prejudice） 

5 、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫无疑问的...）

例句：There is no doubt that Dr. Sun Yat-Sen is the greatest man that I ever known in my whole life. He set up  the Republic of China, so we call him our National Father.   

         There is no doubt that we should aim to limit changes in the global surface temperature to 2C above pre-industrial,Prof Watson told The Guardian.

———————————————思考分割线————————————————

学以致用：

1. 没有比保持正直更重要的了。

2. 在怎么强调保持经济稳定的重要性也不过分。

3. 不可否认，越来越多的大学生沉迷于网络中。

4. 众所周知，树木对人类来说是不可缺少的。

5. 毫无疑问，目前大学生的心理健康值得我们关注。